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Dutch villages --> Żuławy
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gm. Markusy, pow. elbląski, woj. warmińsko - mazurskie Until 1945 Hohenwalde TK (Gotha, Endersch, Schrötter)
Until the 14th century, the area of Krzewsk was under water. In 1631, Dutch settlers began to develop the terrain. The sources form 1776 mentioned the following Mennonites: Bannmann, Bartz, Dau, Dircksen, Frantz, Friesen, Goertz, Goertzen, Harms, Horn, Huell, Jantz, Jantzen, Kopp, Martens, Nickel, Olwitz, Ott, Pauls, Penner, Peters, Plenert, Quiring, Roenert, Ross, Schmidt, Stob, Unger, and Wedle. In 1820, the village had 659 residents, including 175 Mennonites. In the 2nd half of the 19th century, the village had 70 włókas, 118 houses, 651 Lutherans and Catholics, and 167 Mennonites. Village layout - Waldhufendorf village on both sides of the Elbląg - Markusy road running on a causeway in a north-south line, on the western side of the parallel road, on the eastern side of a polder; its eastern farms belong to the village of Żółwieniec, on the southern side of a side street that divides farmland of Żurawiec and on both sides of a side road leading to Żółwieniec and to Markupy. The cultural landscape of the village, which included Dutch homesteads of the longitudinal on terpy is undergoing a gradual degradation, particularly along the eastern road. Residential buildings last the longest; the majority of them are made of brick. Currently, they are being modified or replaced by modern buildings. This is not a new phenomenon; some of the wooden houses were replaced at the beginning of the 20th century. Modern buildings have nothing in common with the traditional architectural style; buildings are often erected beyond a terpa. The layouts of the old Dutch homesteads have survived in relatively large numbers - ca. 35. 35. The majority of historical buildings date from the 2nd half of the 19th century. They include ca. 25 wooden and bricked houses. An 18th century house from a Dutch homestead (demolished in 1990s), a cowshed with a gable arcade, and a Mennonite cemetery have survived. The cemetery is severely devastated with fragments of surrounding vegetation, a gate, and gravestones. The field layout on eastern and western sides of roads and a canal and ditch network are well detectable. Fragments of vegetation surrounding homesteads have survived. Trees lining the roads have been cut down, but the rows of willows along the drainage canals have survived. The Mennonite cemetery is located in the village center, on
the eastern side of the road. It has a rectangular layout. Two posts
of the gate in the form of pillars decorated with hexagonal stars and
topped with tetrahedronal copulas and fragments of gravestones have
survived. The cemetery is surrounded by linden trees and
thujas. SGKP, t.3,s.94; Lipińska, t. III, poz. 126; AG;BF |
Home | Introduction | Download e-book | Conference 2001 | Special thanks | The note of law | Contact Articles: Poland | Małopolska | Mazowsze | Ziemia Łęczycka | Żuławy | Nizina Sartowicko-Nowska | Ziemia Kwidzyńska | Ziemia Walichnowska | Ziemia Sieradzka | Ziemia Wieluńska Copyright 2005 © jerzyszalygin@wp.pl |